Nicotine... Promotes the Spread of Breast Cancer Cells into the Lungs

Smoking ... or nicotine... promotes the spread of breast cancer cells into the lungs.

Nicotine exposure creates an environment in the lungs that is ripe for metastatic growth.

This environment is called a “pre-metastatic niche”, which attracts pro-tumor neutrophils, a type of immune cells.

The pre-metastatic niche releases a protein called STAT3-activated …